IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

Heparin lock

Understanding the differences between traditional methods and IV therapy can help you appreciate the importance of personalized health solutions. Ultimately, the choice between ZipDrip and traditional clinics comes down to what you value most in your healthcare experience-be it convenience, personalized care, or the comprehensive approach of a conventional clinic. That's the convenience ZipDrip offers.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - Intravenous route

  • Blown vein
  • Intravenous fluids
  • Intravenously
  • IV fluids
  • IV bag
  • Saline drips
  • IV line
  • IV fluid
  • Iv colloid
  • Intravenous injections
  • Intravenous infusion
  • Intravenous medication
  • Saline drip
  • Intravenous
  • Intravenous buffer
  • Intravenous Administration
  • IV administration
  • Intraveneous
  • Hep lock
As a professional observer of health trends, it's intriguing to see how this service tailors hydration and vitamin therapies directly to the individual needs, promising not just a quick fix but a personalized health transformation. Learn more about IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver here
At the heart of Zipdrip's success is its commitment to tailoring each IV therapy session to your specific health and wellness goals. Learn more about IV Therapy Vancouver here. Choosing Zipdrip means you're choosing a team that's committed to your health journey, making them a trusted partner in your wellness routine. Let's consider how this modern makeover could fit into your lifestyle, inviting a blend of health and convenience that seems too good to pass up.
Whether you're seeking to boost your energy, improve your hydration, or recover from a night out, they've got you covered. Intravenous bolus In a city like IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver, where life never slows down, keeping your immune system in top shape is essential. This means you get the full benefit of these nutrients immediately, not hours later.
Each practitioner wears personal protective equipment (PPE) during the therapy session, minimizing the risk of contamination and ensuring a sterile environment. IV line You've likely heard how it's changing lives, one drip at a time. At the heart of ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy service lies the ability to create personalized treatment plans tailored just for you.

Whether you're looking for hydration, energy boosts, or immune support, there's a tailored solution for you. That's why ZipDrip's menu includes a variety of vitamins, minerals, and supplements that can be mixed and matched to create the perfect concoction for your body. Heparin lock When you first contact us, we'll start with a detailed consultation to understand your health history, lifestyle, and specific objectives. Moreover, on-the-go IV therapy can be a game-changer for your health. Intravenous fluids

The entire process is designed to be seamless and unintrusive, ensuring you get the most out of your treatment without disrupting your routine. When you reach out to Zipdrip, you're not just getting a one-size-fits-all solution. If you're unsure about what you need, their expert team is on hand to guide you through their selection, helping you make an informed choice that aligns with your wellness goals.

Next, you'll be comfortably seated while the practitioner prepares the IV. You get access to a wide range of IV therapies, from hydration and vitamin boosts to more specialized treatments, all designed to meet your specific health needs. Now, she schedules regular sessions, saying it's been a game-changer for her productivity and mood.

Here, you'll find detailed information on the various IV therapy packages they offer, each designed to meet different wellness needs. This email will also include pre-session instructions to help you prepare for your IV therapy, ensuring you get the most out of your experience. Imagine not having to leave your home for the rejuvenating effects of IV therapy, especially on days when you're feeling under the weather or simply too busy. Saline drips

IV Wellness Hydration Vancouver

Vancouver (/vænˈkuË�vÉ™r/ van-KOO-vÉ™r) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The Metro Vancouver area had a population of 2.6 million in 2021, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Greater Vancouver, along with the Fraser Valley, comprises the Lower Mainland with a regional population of over 3 million. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,700 people per square kilometre,] and fourth highest in North America (after New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City).

Citations and other links

IV Drip Formulated for You IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

It's like giving your body a helping hand to ensure you're ready for your next workout sooner. You can schedule sessions around your life, ensuring that maintaining your health never becomes a secondary concern. If you've had a long night out, their hangover blend can be a game-changer, replenishing your body with essential fluids, vitamins, and antioxidants to bounce back faster. IV bag Zipdrip understands you're juggling a lot, so they offer flexible scheduling options. Both platforms are intuitive, so you won't waste time figuring things out.

Once you've made your choice, you'll pick a time and place that suits your schedule. Whether you're looking to boost your energy, support your immune system, or hydrate after an intense workout, we've got you covered. ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy is designed to be seamless, convenient, and tailored just for you. The service offers a range of IV therapies, including hydration, vitamin infusions, and detox treatments, all designed to meet your specific wellness needs.

Whether you're looking for a quick energy boost, recovery after a night out, or support for your immune system, Zipdrip's got you covered.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - Injection into a vein

  1. IV fluid
  2. Iv colloid
  3. Intravenous injections
  4. Intravenous infusion
  5. Intravenous medication
  6. Saline drip
  7. Intravenous
  8. Intravenous buffer
  9. Intravenous Administration
  10. IV administration
  11. Intraveneous
  12. Hep lock
  13. Intravenous infusion and defusion
  14. Intravenally
  15. Intravenous drip
  16. Intravenous administration
  17. IV injection
  18. Inrtavenous
  19. The Drip
  20. Intravenous fluid
You'll find that the immediate delivery of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants directly into your bloodstream isn't just about feeling good in the moment. Embarking on your journey with ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy is straightforward and tailored to meet your specific health needs. They'll sit down with you, virtually or in person, to discuss what you're looking to achieve-whether it's boosting your energy, improving your skin health, or getting a quick recovery from a sports injury.

You'll find that with ZipDrip, the focus is on you. Instead, the therapy comes to you, whether you're at home, work, or even at an event, ensuring you don't miss a beat in your day. That's the reality Zipdrip makes possible. Injection into a vein You'll get one-on-one attention from healthcare professionals who tailor the treatment to your specific needs.

IV Drip Formulated for You IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver
Home Vitamin IV Service IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

Home Vitamin IV Service IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

Each treatment can be tailored to meet your specific needs, whether you're seeking hydration, energy, or recovery solutions. What's more, customers appreciate the convenience and personalized care they receive from ZipDrip. The impact of this service is profound. You're in good hands with their team, who aren't only at the top of their game professionally but also deeply committed to providing you with an exceptional care experience. Now that you know Zipdrip covers your area, let's look at how you can get started with their mobile IV therapy services.
Enter ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy, a revolutionary approach to wellness that's transforming how IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouverites combat fatigue and refuel their bodies. Blown vein It's not just athletes reaping the benefits; busy professionals like Mike credit the service with boosting their focus and productivity, especially during crunch times. As you consider the benefits of hydration, vitamin infusions, and detox treatments, you're likely curious about how this service could change the way you think about health and wellness support. Whether you're dealing with chronic fatigue, looking for a beauty boost, or simply want to maintain optimal health, there's a personalized IV therapy plan waiting for you.
They're there to answer your questions, provide follow-up advice, and support your journey to better health. Read more about IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver here After understanding the safety measures of ZipDrip's IV therapy services, you'll find their booking process equally streamlined and user-friendly. Intravenous lines The process is straightforward and designed to get you started on your wellness journey with ease. Zipdrip understands that your time is precious.
Firstly, you'll visit their website or app to book an appointment. Understanding how ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy service operates is straightforward and user-friendly. You don't have to battle traffic or sit in waiting rooms anymore.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - IV tube

  1. IV drip
  2. IV-push
  3. Fluid therapy
  4. IV push
  5. Intravenous injection
  6. Intra-venous
  7. Intravenals
  8. Intravenous therapies
  9. IV bag
  10. Saline drips
  11. IV line
  12. IV fluid
  13. Iv colloid
  14. Intravenous injections
  15. Intravenous infusion
  16. Intravenous medication
Hearing from those who've experienced ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy firsthand can give you real insight into its benefits and effectiveness.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver Mobile IV Treatment for hangover

The IV therapy session typically lasts between 30 to 45 minutes, depending on the package you've chosen. To understand how ZipDrip revolutionizes IV therapy, let's delve into their streamlined process that brings personalized treatments right to your doorstep. You're getting a customized experience that prioritizes your well-being. Once you've selected your desired package, you'll choose a convenient time and location for your appointment. Let's explore the intricacies of mobile IV therapy and uncover whether it's the future of post-party recovery or just another wellness fad.

By choosing ZipDrip, you're not just taking a step towards better health; you're embracing a more convenient and modern approach to wellness. You'll receive detailed instructions on what to expect after your IV therapy and tips on maintaining hydration and wellness post-treatment, ensuring your experience isn't only beneficial but also safe from start to finish. The company takes this aspect seriously, employing strict protocols to protect you. ZipDrip's flexibility means you can have your IV therapy at home, in your office, or at one of their comfortable and serene locations across IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver.

Each IV therapy session is designed to infuse your body with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, supporting your health on a cellular level. This service isn't just about convenience; it's also about receiving faster, more effective results. You'll appreciate how Zipdrip takes into account your body's specific needs.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - Saline drips

  1. Intravenous injections
  2. Intravenous infusion
  3. Intravenous medication
  4. Saline drip
  5. Intravenous
  6. Intravenous buffer
  7. Intravenous Administration
  8. IV administration
  9. Intraveneous
  10. Hep lock
  11. Intravenous infusion and defusion
  12. Intravenally
  13. Intravenous drip
  14. Intravenous administration
  15. IV injection
  16. Inrtavenous
  17. The Drip
  18. Intravenous fluid
  19. Continuous infusion
Whether you're looking to enhance your immune system, recover from physical exertion, or find relief from chronic fatigue, there's a specific cocktail that can be mixed just for you.

The journey towards a healthier, more vibrant you is just around the corner, and ZipDrip seems to hold the key. If you're grappling with the relentless pace of life or seeking ways to enhance your wellbeing, ZipDrip offers a variety of IV treatments designed to meet your individual needs. If you prefer a more personal touch, give them a call, and one of their friendly staff members will guide you through the booking process. They're sourced from reputable suppliers, guaranteeing that you're getting the best possible care.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - Intravenous bolus

  • Intravenal
  • IV drip
  • IV-push
  • Fluid therapy
  • IV push
  • Intravenous injection
  • Intra-venous
  • Intravenals
  • Intravenous therapies
  • Iv colloid
  • Intravenous injections
  • Intravenous infusion
  • Intravenous medication
  • Saline drip
  • Intravenous
  • Intravenous buffer
  • Intravenous Administration
  • IV administration


IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver Mobile IV Treatment for hangover
Mobile IV Drip Therapy IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver for hydration
Mobile IV Drip Therapy IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver for hydration

They listen, they advise, and they're there to support you on your wellness journey. They start with a personal consultation to understand your specific concerns and health goals. To understand how Zipdrip revitalizes your body and mind, let's explore their streamlined process for delivering mobile IV therapy directly to you. This customization ensures you're not just getting a one-size-fits-all solution but a targeted approach to wellness. Intravenously Each service is delivered to you, wherever you're in IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver, making wellness convenient.

ZipDrip brings personalized, expert-led IV therapy directly to you, merging convenience with top-notch care.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - Intravenous route

  • Intravenous infusion and defusion
  • Intravenally
  • Intravenous drip
  • Intravenous administration
  • IV injection
  • Inrtavenous
  • The Drip
  • Intravenous fluid
  • Continuous infusion
  • Intravenous line
  • Intravenal
  • IV drip
  • IV-push
  • Fluid therapy
  • IV push
  • Intravenous injection
Diving into the key benefits, IV therapy offers immediate hydration and nutrient absorption that oral supplements can't match. With just a few clicks, you can schedule a session that suits your timing, making it easier to maintain your health regimen regularly. Intravenous route Getting started with ZipDrip isn't just about receiving IV therapy; it's about embracing a lifestyle that prioritizes your health and well-being.

How do you book your Zipdrip experience for a seamless integration of wellness into your busy schedule? Imagine a health plan tailor-made just for you, with nutrients and vitamins mixed in perfect harmony to boost your energy, enhance your immune system, or even help you recover faster from a workout.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - IV therapies

  1. IV fluids
  2. IV bag
  3. Saline drips
  4. IV line
  5. IV fluid
  6. Iv colloid
  7. Intravenous injections
  8. Intravenous infusion
  9. Intravenous medication
  10. Saline drip
  11. Intravenous
  12. Intravenous buffer
  13. Intravenous Administration
  14. IV administration
  15. Intraveneous
  16. Hep lock
You're likely to notice an immediate boost in your energy levels, thanks to the rapid absorption of nutrients. Life changes, and so do your body's requirements.

The entire session usually lasts between 30 to 45 minutes, after which you can immediately resume your daily activities, feeling rejuvenated and revitalized.

Vitamin Detox IV IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

You can customize your treatment with a mix of vitamins and minerals tailored to your specific health needs or goals. Building on the convenience of ZipDrip's mobile service, it's essential to understand how IV therapy can significantly enhance your health and wellness. With ZipDrip, you're not just another client. It's not just for the sick or depleted; it's also a proactive approach to maintaining optimal health.
Embarking on your wellness journey with ZipDrip's mobile IV therapy begins by booking your first session effortlessly online or over the phone.

IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver - Intravenous bolus

  • Intravenous line
  • Intravenal
  • IV drip
  • IV-push
  • Fluid therapy
  • IV push
  • Intravenous injection
  • Intra-venous
  • Intravenals
  • Intravenous therapies
  • Intravenous drips
  • Intravenous cannulation
  • Intravenous lines
  • Intravenous buffer solution
  • Intravenous route
  • IV tube
  • Injection into a vein
  • Intravenous bolus
With ZipDrip, you're not just getting an IV therapy service; you're investing in a customized wellness journey that evolves with you. You've described how personalized the service feels, with IV therapies tailored specifically to your health goals, whether it's boosting immunity, enhancing athletic performance, or simply seeking a burst of energy.
Whether it's for recovery, wellness, or a boost in vitality, the success stories of ZipDrip's customers speak volumes about its impact. Once you've made your choice, you'll pick a time and place that suits you best, whether it's at home, your office, or even a hotel room. Before starting your session, they'll go over your medical history and any allergies to ensure the chosen IV cocktail is safe for you.
Finally, you'll confirm your booking. It's not just about the convenience; it's about receiving a health boost in the most comfortable and personalized way possible. And for those looking to enhance their skin's radiance, IV drips can provide antioxidants that improve skin health.

Explore IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver here
Vitamin Detox IV IV Nutrient Infusion Vancouver

Intravenous therapy
Photo of a person being administered fluid through an intravenous line or cannula in the arm
A person receiving a medication through an intravenous line (cannula)
Other namesIV therapy, iv therapy
ICD-9-CM38.93
MeSHD007262

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth. It may also be used to administer medications or other medical therapy such as blood products or electrolytes to correct electrolyte imbalances. Attempts at providing intravenous therapy have been recorded as early as the 1400s, but the practice did not become widespread until the 1900s after the development of techniques for safe, effective use.

The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body as they are introduced directly into the circulatory system and thus quickly distributed. For this reason, the intravenous route of administration is also used for the consumption of some recreational drugs. Many therapies are administered as a "bolus" or one-time dose, but they may also be administered as an extended infusion or drip. The act of administering a therapy intravenously, or placing an intravenous line ("IV line") for later use, is a procedure which should only be performed by a skilled professional. The most basic intravenous access consists of a needle piercing the skin and entering a vein which is connected to a syringe or to external tubing. This is used to administer the desired therapy. In cases where a patient is likely to receive many such interventions in a short period (with consequent risk of trauma to the vein), normal practice is to insert a cannula which leaves one end in the vein, and subsequent therapies can be administered easily through tubing at the other end. In some cases, multiple medications or therapies are administered through the same IV line.

IV lines are classified as "central lines" if they end in a large vein close to the heart, or as "peripheral lines" if their output is to a small vein in the periphery, such as the arm. An IV line can be threaded through a peripheral vein to end near the heart, which is termed a "peripherally inserted central catheter" or PICC line. If a person is likely to need long-term intravenous therapy, a medical port may be implanted to enable easier repeated access to the vein without having to pierce the vein repeatedly. A catheter can also be inserted into a central vein through the chest, which is known as a tunneled line. The specific type of catheter used and site of insertion are affected by the desired substance to be administered and the health of the veins in the desired site of insertion.

Placement of an IV line may cause pain, as it necessarily involves piercing the skin. Infections and inflammation (termed phlebitis) are also both common side effects of an IV line. Phlebitis may be more likely if the same vein is used repeatedly for intravenous access, and can eventually develop into a hard cord which is unsuitable for IV access. The unintentional administration of a therapy outside a vein, termed extravasation or infiltration, may cause other side effects.

Uses

[edit]

Medical uses

[edit]
Photograph of an intravenous line inserted in the wrist.
Photograph of two intravenous solution bags hanging from a pole.
Left: A person receiving fluids through an intravenous line in the wrist. Right: IV bags on a pole connected to IV lines.

Intravenous (IV) access is used to administer medications and fluid replacement which must be distributed throughout the body, especially when rapid distribution is desired. Another use of IV administration is the avoidance of first-pass metabolism in the liver. Substances that may be infused intravenously include volume expanders, blood-based products, blood substitutes, medications and nutrition.

Fluid solutions

[edit]

Fluids may be administered as part of "volume expansion", or fluid replacement, through the intravenous route. Volume expansion consists of the administration of fluid-based solutions or suspensions designed to target specific areas of the body which need more water. There are two main types of volume expander: crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin. Blood itself is considered a colloid.[1]

The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is isotonic with blood. Lactated Ringer's (also known as Ringer's lactate) and the closely related Ringer's acetate, are mildly hypotonic solutions often used in those who have significant burns. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, while, on the other hand, this parameter is decreased by crystalloids due to hemodilution.[2] Crystalloids generally are much cheaper than colloids.[2]

Buffer solutions which are used to correct acidosis or alkalosis are also administered through intravenous access. Lactated Ringer's solution used as a fluid expander or base solution to which medications are added also has some buffering effect. Another solution administered intravenously as a buffering solution is sodium bicarbonate.[3]

Medication and treatment

[edit]
Photograph of two intravenous solution bags (containing glucose and levofloxacin, respectively) and a paper log sheet hanging from a pole
Saline and 5% dextrose solution (left), levofloxacin 750mg (right), and log sheet hanging from an IV pole

Medications may be mixed into the fluids mentioned above, commonly normal saline, or dextrose solutions.[4] Compared with other routes of administration, such as oral medications, the IV route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body.[5] For this reason, the IV route is commonly preferred in emergency situations or when a fast onset of action is desirable. In extremely high blood pressure (termed a hypertensive emergency), IV antihypertensives may be given to quickly decrease the blood pressure in a controlled manner to prevent organ damage.[6] In atrial fibrillation, IV amiodarone may be administered to attempt to restore normal heart rhythm.[7] IV medications can also be used for chronic health conditions such as cancer, for which chemotherapy drugs are commonly administered intravenously. In some cases, such as with vancomycin, a loading or bolus dose of medicine is given before beginning a dosing regimen to more quickly increase the concentration of medication in the blood.[8]

The bioavailability of an IV medication is by definition 100%, unlike oral administration where medication may not be fully absorbed, or may be metabolized prior to entering the bloodstream.[4] For some medications, there is virtually zero oral bioavailability. For this reason certain types of medications can only be given intravenously, as there is insufficient uptake by other routes of administration,[9] such is the case of severe dehydration where the patient is required to be treated via IV therapy for a quick recovery.[10] The unpredictability of oral bioavailability in different people is also a reason for a medication to be administered IV, as with furosemide.[11] Oral medications also may be less desirable if a person is nauseous or vomiting, or has severe diarrhea, as these may prevent the medicine from being fully absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In these cases, a medication may be given IV only until the patient can tolerate an oral form of the medication. The switch from IV to oral administration is usually performed as soon as viable, as there is generally cost and time savings over IV administration. Whether a medication can be potentially switched to an oral form is sometimes considered when choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy for use in a hospital setting, as a person is unlikely to be discharged if they still require IV therapy.[12]

Some medications, such as aprepitant, are chemically modified to be better suited for IV administration, forming a prodrug such as fosaprepitant. This can be for pharmacokinetic reasons or to delay the effect of the drug until it can be metabolized into the active form.[13]

Blood products

[edit]

A blood product (or blood-based product) is any component of blood which is collected from a donor for use in a blood transfusion.[14] Blood transfusions can be used in massive blood loss due to trauma, or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery. Blood transfusions may also be used to treat a severe anaemia or thrombocytopenia caused by a blood disease. Early blood transfusions consisted of whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate.[15]

Nutrition

[edit]
This patient of an intensive care unit of a German hospital could not eat due to a prior surgical operation of the abdominal region which was complicated by a severe sepsis. He received antibiotics, parenteral nutrition and pain killers via automated injection employing syringe drivers (background, right).

Parenteral nutrition is the act of providing required nutrients to a person through an intravenous line. This is used in people who are unable to get nutrients normally, by eating and digesting food. A person receiving parenteral nutrition will be given an intravenous solution which may contain salts, dextrose, amino acids, lipids and vitamins. The exact formulation of a parenteral nutrition used will depend on the specific nutritional needs of the person it is being given to. If a person is only receiving nutrition intravenously, it is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN), whereas if a person is only receiving some of their nutrition intravenously it is called partial parenteral nutrition (or supplemental parenteral nutrition).[16]

Imaging

[edit]

Medical imaging relies on being able to clearly distinguish internal parts of the body from each other. One way this is accomplished is through the administration of a contrast agent into a vein.[17] The specific imaging technique being employed will determine the characteristics of an appropriate contrast agent to increase visibility of blood vessels or other features. Common contrast agents are administered into a peripheral vein from which they are distributed throughout the circulation to the imaging site.[18]

Other uses

[edit]

Use in sports

[edit]

IV rehydration was formerly a common technique for athletes.[19] The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits intravenous injection of more than 100 mL per 12 hours, except under a medical exemption.[19] The United States Anti-Doping Agency notes that, as well as the dangers inherent in IV therapy, "IVs can be used to change blood test results (such as hematocrit where EPO or blood doping is being used), mask urine test results (by dilution) or by administering prohibited substances in a way that will more quickly be cleared from the body in order to beat an anti-doping test".[19] Players suspended after attending "boutique IV clinics" which offer this sort of treatment include footballer Samir Nasri in 2017[20] and swimmer Ryan Lochte in 2018.[21]

Use for hangover treatment

[edit]

In the 1960s, John Myers developed the "Myers' cocktail", a non-prescription IV solution of vitamins and minerals marketed as a hangover cure and general wellness remedy.[22] The first "boutique IV" clinic, offering similar treatments, opened in Tokyo in 2008.[22] These clinics, whose target market was described by Elle as "health nuts who moonlight as heavy drinkers", have been publicized in the 2010s by glamorous celebrity customers.[22] Intravenous therapy is also used in people with acute ethanol toxicity to correct electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies which arise from alcohol consumption.[23]

Others

[edit]

In some countries, non-prescription intravenous glucose is used to improve a person's energy, but is not a part of routine medical care in countries such as the United States where glucose solutions are prescription drugs.[24] Improperly administered intravenous glucose (called "ringer" [citation needed]), such as that which is administered clandestinely in store-front clinics, poses increased risks due to improper technique and oversight.[24] Intravenous access is also sometimes used outside of a medical setting for the self-administration of recreational drugs, such as heroin and fentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, DMT, and others.[25]

Intravenous therapy is also used for veterinary patient management.[26]

Types

[edit]

Bolus

[edit]

Some medications can be administered as a bolus dose, which is called an "IV push". A syringe containing the medication is connected to an access port in the primary tubing and the medication is administered through the port.[27] A bolus may be administered rapidly (with a fast depression of the syringe plunger) or may be administered slowly, over the course of a few minutes.[27] The exact administration technique depends on the medication and other factors.[27] In some cases, a bolus of plain IV solution (i.e. without medication added) is administered immediately after the bolus to further force the medicine into the bloodstream. This procedure is termed an "IV flush". Certain medications, such as potassium, are not able to be administered by IV push due to the extremely rapid onset of action and high level of effects.[27]

Infusion

[edit]

An infusion of medication may be used when it is desirable to have a constant blood concentration of a medication over time, such as with some antibiotics including beta-lactams.[28] Continuous infusions, where the next infusion is begun immediately following the completion of the prior, may also be used to limit variation in drug concentration in the blood (i.e. between the peak drug levels and the trough drug levels).[28] They may also be used instead of intermittent bolus injections for the same reason, such as with furosemide.[29] Infusions can also be intermittent, in which case the medication is administered over a period of time, then stopped, and this is later repeated. Intermittent infusion may be used when there are concerns about the stability of medicine in solution for long periods of time (as is common with continuous infusions), or to enable the administration of medicines which would be incompatible if administered at the same time in the same IV line, for example vancomycin.[30]

Failure to properly calculate and administer an infusion can result in adverse effects, termed infusion reactions. For this reason, many medications have a maximum recommended infusion rate, such as vancomycin[30] and many monoclonal antibodies.[31] These infusion reactions can be severe, such as in the case of vancomycin, where the reaction is termed "red man syndrome".[30]

Secondary

[edit]

Any additional medication to be administered intravenously at the same time as an infusion may be connected to the primary tubing; this is termed a secondary IV, or IV piggyback.[27] This prevents the need for multiple IV access lines on the same person. When administering a secondary IV medication, the primary bag is held lower than the secondary bag so that the secondary medication can flow into the primary tubing, rather than fluid from the primary bag flowing into the secondary tubing. The fluid from the primary bag is needed to help flush any remaining medication from the secondary IV from the tubing.[27] If a bolus or secondary infusion is intended for administration in the same line as a primary infusion, the molecular compatibility of the solutions must be considered.[27] Secondary compatibility is generally referred to as "y-site compatibility", named after the shape of the tubing which has a port for bolus administration.[27] Incompatibility of two fluids or medications can arise due to issues of molecular stability, changes in solubility, or degradation of one of the medications.[27]

Methods and equipment

[edit]

Access

[edit]
IV infusion set (not yet in use)
A nurse inserting an 18-gauge IV needle with cannula
A needle for intravenous access should be inserted at an approximately 25-degree angle.

The simplest form of intravenous access is by passing a hollow needle through the skin directly into a vein. A syringe can be connected directly to this needle, which allows for a "bolus" dose to be administered. Alternatively, the needle may be placed and then connected to a length of tubing, allowing for an infusion to be administered.[32]: 344–348  The type and location of venous access (i.e. a central line versus peripheral line, and in which vein the line is placed) can be affected by the potential for some medications to cause peripheral vasoconstriction, which limits circulation to peripheral veins.[33]

A peripheral cannula is the most common intravenous access method utilized in hospitals, pre-hospital care, and outpatient medicine. This may be placed in the arm, commonly either the wrist or the median cubital vein at the elbow. A tourniquet may be used to restrict the venous drainage of the limb and make the vein bulge, making it easier to locate and place a line in a vein. When used, a tourniquet should be removed before injecting medication to prevent extravasation. The part of the catheter that remains outside the skin is called the connecting hub; it can be connected to a syringe or an intravenous infusion line, or capped with a heplock or saline lock, a needleless connection filled with a small amount of heparin or saline solution to prevent clotting, between uses of the catheter. Ported cannulae have an injection port on the top that is often used to administer medicine.[32]: 349–354 

The thickness and size of needles and catheters can be given in Birmingham gauge or French gauge. A Birmingham gauge of 14 is a very large cannula (used in resuscitation settings) and 24-26 is the smallest. The most common sizes are 16-gauge (midsize line used for blood donation and transfusion), 18- and 20-gauge (all-purpose line for infusions and blood draws), and 22-gauge (all-purpose pediatric line). 12- and 14-gauge peripheral lines are capable of delivering large volumes of fluid very fast, accounting for their popularity in emergency medicine. These lines are frequently called "large bores" or "trauma lines".[32]: 188–191, 349 

Peripheral lines

[edit]
An arm board is recommended for immobilizing the extremity for cannulation of the hand, the foot or the antecubital fossa in children.[34]

A peripheral intravenous line is inserted in peripheral veins, such as the veins in the arms, hands, legs and feet. Medication administered in this way travels through the veins to the heart, from where it is distributed to the rest of the body through the circulatory system. The size of the peripheral vein limits the amount and rate of medication which can be administered safely.[35] A peripheral line consists of a short catheter inserted through the skin into a peripheral vein. This is usually in the form of a cannula-over-needle device, in which a flexible plastic cannula comes mounted over a metal trocar. Once the tip of the needle and cannula are placed, the cannula is advanced inside the vein over the trocar to the appropriate position and secured. The trocar is then withdrawn and discarded. Blood samples may also be drawn from the line directly after the initial IV cannula insertion.[32]: 344–348 

Labelled computer-drawn illustration of parts of an inserted non-tunneled central intravenous line
Illustration of a non-tunneled central venous access device
The central line kit (out of its packaging)

Central lines

[edit]

A central line is an access method in which a catheter empties into a larger, more central vein (a vein within the torso), usually the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava or the right atrium of the heart. There are several types of central IV access, categorized based on the route the catheter takes from the outside of the body to the central vein output.[36]: 17–22 

Peripherally inserted central catheter

[edit]

A peripherally inserted central catheter (also called a PICC line) is a type of central IV access which consists of a cannula inserted through a sheath into a peripheral vein and then carefully fed towards the heart, terminating at the superior vena cava or the right atrium. These lines are usually placed in peripheral veins in the arm, and may be placed using the Seldinger technique under ultrasound guidance. An X-ray is used to verify that the end of the cannula is in the right place if fluoroscopy was not used during the insertion. An EKG can also be used in some cases to determine if the end of the cannula is in the correct location.[37]: Ch.1, 5, 6 

Tunneled lines

[edit]
Photograph of an inserted Hickman line, which is a type of tunneled catheter, inserted in the chest.
A Hickman line, a type of tunneled catheter, inserted through the skin at the chest and tunneled to insert into the jugular vein in the throat.

A tunneled line is a type of central access which is inserted under the skin, and then travels a significant distance through surrounding tissue before reaching and penetrating the central vein. Using a tunneled line reduces the risk of infection as compared to other forms of access, as bacteria from the skin surface are not able to travel directly into the vein.[38] These catheters are often made of materials that resist infection and clotting. Types of tunneled central lines include the Hickman line or Broviac catheter. A tunnelled line is an option for long term venous access necessary for hemodialysis in people with poor kidney function. [39]

Implantable ports

[edit]

An implanted port is a central line that does not have an external connector protruding from the skin for administration of medication. Instead, a port consists of a small reservoir covered with silicone rubber which is implanted under the skin, which then covers the reservoir. Medication is administered by injecting medication through the skin and the silicone port cover into the reservoir. When the needle is withdrawn, the reservoir cover reseals itself. A port cover is designed to function for hundreds of needle sticks during its lifetime. Ports may be placed in an arm or in the chest area.[40]

Infusions

[edit]

Equipment used to place and administer an IV line for infusion consists of a bag, usually hanging above the height of the person, and sterile tubing through which the medicine is administered. In a basic "gravity" IV, a bag is simply hung above the height of the person and the solution is pulled via gravity through a tube attached to a needle inserted into a vein. Without extra equipment, it is not possible to precisely control the rate of administration. For this reason, a setup may also incorporate a clamp to regulate flow. Some IV lines may be placed with "Y-sites", devices which enable a secondary solution to be administered through the same line (known as piggybacking). Some systems employ a drip chamber, which prevents air from entering the bloodstream (causing an air embolism), and allows visual estimation of flow rate of the solution.[32]: 316–321, 344–348 

Photograph of a simple, single infusion IV pump
An infusion pump suitable for a single IV line

Alternatively, an infusion pump allows precise control over the flow rate and total amount delivered. A pump is programmed based on the number and size of infusions being administered to ensure all medicine is fully administered without allowing the access line to run dry. Pumps are primarily utilized when a constant flow rate is important, or where changes in rate of administration would have consequences.[32]: 316–321, 344–348 

Techniques

[edit]

To reduce pain associated with the procedure, medical staff may apply a topical local anaesthetic (such as EMLA or Ametop) to the skin of the chosen venipuncture area about 45 minutes beforehand.[32]: 344–348 

If the cannula is not inserted correctly, or the vein is particularly fragile and ruptures, blood may extravasate into the surrounding tissues; this situation is known as a blown vein or "tissuing". Using this cannula to administer medications causes extravasation of the drug, which can lead to edema, causing pain and tissue damage, and even necrosis depending on the medication. The person attempting to obtain the access must find a new access site proximal to the "blown" area to prevent extravasation of medications through the damaged vein. For this reason it is advisable to site the first cannula at the most distal appropriate vein.[32]: 355–359 

Adverse effects

[edit]

Pain

[edit]

Placement of an intravenous line inherently causes pain when the skin is broken and is considered medically invasive. For this reason, when other forms of administration may suffice, intravenous therapy is usually not preferred. This includes the treatment of mild or moderate dehydration with oral rehydration therapy which is an option, as opposed to parenteral rehydration through an IV line.[41][42] Children in emergency departments being treated for dehydration have better outcomes with oral treatment than intravenous therapy due to the pain and complications of an intravenous line.[41] Cold spray may decrease the pain of putting in an IV.[43]

Certain medications also have specific sensations of pain associated with their administration IV. This includes potassium, which when administered IV can cause a burning or painful sensation.[44] The incidence of side effects specific to a medication can be affected by the type of access (peripheral versus central), the rate of administration, or the quantity of drug administered. When medications are administered too rapidly through an IV line, a set of vague symptoms such as redness or rash, fever, and others may occur; this is termed an "infusion reaction" and is prevented by decreasing the rate of administration of the medication. When vancomycin is involved, this is commonly termed "Red Man syndrome" after the rapid flushing which occurs after rapid administration.[45]

Infection and inflammation

[edit]

As placement of an intravenous line requires breaking the skin, there is a risk of infection. Skin-dwelling organisms such as coagulase-negative staphylococcus or Candida albicans may enter through the insertion site around the catheter, or bacteria may be accidentally introduced inside the catheter from contaminated equipment. Infection of an IV access site is usually local, causing easily visible swelling, redness, and fever. However, pathogens may also enter the bloodstream, causing sepsis, which can be sudden and life-threatening. A central IV line poses a higher risk of sepsis, as it can deliver bacteria directly into the central circulation. A line which has been in place for a longer period of time also increases the risk of infection.[32]: 358, 373 

Inflammation of the vein may also occur, called thrombophlebitis or simply phlebitis. This may be caused by infection, the catheter itself, or the specific fluids or medication being given. Repeated instances of phlebitis can cause scar tissue to build up along a vein. A peripheral IV line cannot be left in the vein indefinitely out of concern for the risk of infection and phlebitis, among other potential complications. However, recent studies have found that there is no increased risk of complications in those whose IVs were replaced only when clinically indicated versus those whose IVs were replaced routinely.[46] If placed with proper aseptic technique, it is not recommended to change a peripheral IV line more frequently than every 72–96 hours.[47]

Phlebitis is particularly common in intravenous drug users,[48] and those undergoing chemotherapy,[49] whose veins can become sclerotic and difficult to access over time, sometimes forming a hard, painful "venous cord". The presence of a cord is a cause of discomfort and pain associated with IV therapy, and makes it more difficult for an IV line to be placed as a line cannot be placed in an area with a cord.[50]

Infiltration and extravasation

[edit]

Infiltration occurs when a non-vesicant IV fluid or medication enters the surrounding tissue as opposed to the desired vein. It may occur when the vein itself ruptures, when the vein is damaged during insertion of the intravascular access device, or from increased vein porosity. Infiltration may also occur if the puncture of the vein by the needle becomes the path of least resistance—such as a cannula which has been left inserted, causing the vein to scar. It can also occur upon insertion of an IV line if a tourniquet is not promptly removed. Infiltration is characterized by coolness and pallor to the skin as well as localized swelling or edema. It is treated by removing the intravenous line and elevating the affected limb so the collected fluids drain away. Injections of hyaluronidase around the area can be used to speed the dispersal of the fluid/drug.[51] Infiltration is one of the most common adverse effects of IV therapy[52] and is usually not serious unless the infiltrated fluid is a medication damaging to the surrounding tissue, most commonly a vesicant or chemotherapeutic agent. In such cases, the infiltration is termed extravasation, and may cause necrosis.[53]

Others

[edit]

If the solutions administered are colder than the temperature of the body, induced hypothermia can occur. If the temperature change to the heart is rapid, ventricular fibrillation may result.[54] Furthermore, if a solution which is not balanced in concentration is administered, a person's electrolytes may become imbalanced. In hospitals, regular blood tests may be used to proactively monitor electrolyte levels.[55]

History

[edit]

Discovery and development

[edit]

The first recorded attempt at administering a therapeutic substance via IV injection was in 1492, when Pope Innocent VIII fell ill and was administered blood from healthy individuals.[56] If this occurred, the treatment did not work and resulted in the death of the donors while not healing the pope.[56] This story is disputed by some, who claim that the idea of blood transfusions could not have been considered by the medical professionals at the time, or that a complete description of blood circulation was not published until over 100 years later. The story is attributed to potential errors in translation of documents from the time, as well as potentially an intentional fabrication, whereas others still consider it to be accurate.[57] One of the leading medical history textbooks for medical and nursing students has claimed that the entire story was an anti-semitic fabrication.[58]

In 1656 Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle worked on the subject. As stated by Wren, "I Have Injected Wine and Ale in a liveing Dog into the Mass of Blood by a Veine, in good Quantities, till I have made him extremely drunk, but soon after he Pisseth it out." The dog survived, grew fat, and was later stolen from his owner. Boyle attributed authorship to Wren.[59]

Richard Lower showed it was possible for blood to be transfused from animal to animal and from animal to man intravenously, a xenotransfusion. He worked with Edmund King to transfuse sheep's blood into a man who was mentally ill. Lower was interested in advancing science but also believed the man could be helped, either by the infusion of fresh blood or by the removal of old blood. It was difficult to find people who would agree to be transfused, but an eccentric scholar, Arthur Coga, consented and the procedure was carried out by Lower and King before the Royal Society on 23 November 1667.[60] Transfusion gathered some popularity in France and Italy, but medical and theological debates arose, resulting in transfusion being prohibited in France.

There was virtually no recorded success with any attempts at injection therapy until the 1800s, when in 1831 Thomas Latta studied the use of IV fluid replacements for cholera treatment.[56][61] The first solutions which saw widespread use for IV injections were simple "saline-like solutions", which were followed by experiments with various other liquids, including milk, sugar, honey, and egg yolk.[56] In the 1830s, James Blundell, an English obstetrician, used intravenous administration of blood to treat women bleeding profusely during or after delivery.[56] This predated the understanding of blood type, leading to unpredictable results.

Modern usage

[edit]

Intravenous therapy was expanded by Italian physician Guido Baccelli in the late 1890s[62] and further developed in the 1930s by Samuel Hirschfeld, Harold T. Hyman and Justine Johnstone Wanger[63][64] but was not widely available until the 1950s.[65] There was a time, roughly the 1910s–1920s, when fluid replacement that today would be done intravenously was likelier to be done with a Murphy drip, a rectal infusion; and IV therapy took years to increasingly displace that route. In the 1960s, the concept of providing a person's complete nutritional needs through an IV solution began to be seriously considered. The first parenteral nutrition supplementation consisted of hydrolyzed proteins and dextrose.[56] This was followed in 1975 with the introduction of intravenous fat emulsions and vitamins which were added to form "total parenteral nutrition", or that which includes protein, fat, and carbohydrates.[56]

See also

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  65. ^ Geggel L (3 December 2012). "A Royal Spotlight on a Rare Condition". The New York Times.

Further reading

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Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, you can benefit from loyalty programs or discounts as a regular client of the mobile IV therapy services. These incentives are designed to make your wellness journey more affordable and rewarding over time.

Yes, Zipdrip offers loyalty and subscription-based discounts for regular users. If you frequently use their service, you'll save money over time. It's a great way to make their on-demand IV therapy more affordable for you.

ZipDrip's ensured your privacy and confidentiality by implementing strict protocols, including discreet service and secure data handling, during your mobile IV therapy sessions. They prioritize making you feel safe and protected while receiving treatment.